German Anthropologist Reveals Shocking Facts Behind the Origin of Kuntilanak, Here's the Explanation

Kapanlagi.com - Kuntilanak, a mystical figure deeply rooted in Malay and Indonesian mythology, is known as a woman with long hair wearing a white dress and possessing a laugh that can send chills down your spine. Stories about kuntilanak have spread widely across Southeast Asian countries, such as Malaysia, Brunei, and Singapore, with variations that enrich local myths.

However, an intriguing study conducted by German anthropologist Timo Duile opens a new chapter in our understanding of the origins of kuntilanak. In his in-depth research, Timo reveals that the narrative of kuntilanak is not just a horror story. He traces the historical roots and development of Malay society, as well as the impacts of modernization and cultural changes surrounding the region. This research is rooted in his experience living in Pontianak, West Kalimantan, in 2014, where he conducted direct observations of the local community and culture.

Timo also highlights that the existence of kuntilanak cannot be separated from the history of the development of the city of Pontianak, which began in the 18th century. So, what exactly is the origin of kuntilanak according to this research? Here is the complete review, summarized by Kapanlagi.com, Tuesday (11/2).

1. Various Versions of the Origins of Kuntilanak

The origins of kuntilanak, a ghostly figure that haunts the imagination of society, actually holds a variety of stories that vary depending on culture and region. Many believe that kuntilanak is the spirit of a woman who died tragically during pregnancy or childbirth, making her a vengeful figure that roams in search of revenge.

On the other hand, there is a legend that links kuntilanak with the founding of the city of Pontianak, where Sultan Syarif Abdurrahman Alkadrie was allegedly disturbed by this creature while choosing the location for his palace, leading to the belief that the name "Pontianak" comes from the term "woman who died in childbirth".

Not only that, the influence of foreign cultures also helped shape the image of kuntilanak, with characteristics similar to vampires—such as sucking blood and acting at night—which are suspected to be inspired by Western mythology.

In fact, some experts associate kuntilanak with Yakshi, an evil female creature in Hindu mythology, who haunts graves and drinks human blood. All these elements blend together, creating the image of kuntilanak that we know today.

2. The Origin of Kuntilanak According to German Anthropologists

Amidst the debate over the origins of the kuntilanak, a German anthropologist, Timo Duile, attempts to examine it logically. In his research titled "Kuntilanak: Ghost Narratives and Malay Modernity in Pontianak, Indonesia," it is explained that the story of the kuntilanak is not just a myth, but reflects social and cultural changes in Malay society in the face of modernization.

"The Kuntilanak narratives mentioned in the following are to a large extent based on stories collected during a six-month fieldwork trip in 2014. During frequent visits to Pontianak in the following years, I was able to gain even deeper insights into the ghost narratives present in the city (The Kuntilanak narratives mentioned below are largely based on stories collected during a six-month field trip in 2014. During routine visits to Pontianak in the following years, I was able to gain deeper insights into the ghost narratives present in the city)," said Timo in his research, quoting brill.com.

According to this study, the story of the kuntilanak is rooted in the narrative of the establishment and development of the city of Pontianak by Sultan Syarif Abdurrahman in 1771. At that time, the area that became the location of this city was believed to be inhabited by evil spirits that often disturbed the residents and construction workers. To drive away these spirits, the Sultan used cannons as a form of symbolic ritual marking resistance against mystical forces.

Furthermore, Timo explains that the concept of the kuntilanak is also related to how the Malay community distinguishes between the modern and mystical worlds. He argues that in Malay society, there is a complex interaction between Islam, traditional beliefs, and scientific knowledge that shapes their understanding of the world, including beliefs in ghosts like the kuntilanak.

"‘Ponti in Pontianak originates from the Malay pohon tinggi, meaning ‘tall tree’ or ‘tall trees’. Whereas Kuntilanak/Pontianak elsewhere is often associated with banana trees (Musa genus; in Indonesian: pohon pisang), people in Pontianak usually associate the ghost with large trees, for instance banyan fig trees (Ficus genus; Indonesian: pohon beringin). ('Ponti' in Pontianak is said to originate from the Malay language for tall tree, which means 'tall tree'. While Kuntilanak/Pontianak elsewhere is often linked to banana trees (Musa genus; in Indonesian: pohon pisang), people in Pontianak usually associate the ghost with large trees, for example, banyan trees (Ficus genus; Indonesian: pohon beringin))," he added.

3. Kuntilanak as an Urban Legend in Indonesia

In Indonesia, kuntilanak has transformed into an icon of urban legend that continues to live and evolve, enriched by folklore and the touch of modern media. Its figure is often associated with various haunting mystical events, especially in cemeteries, abandoned houses, or locations deemed haunted by the community.

The story of kuntilanak is not only passed down orally but also adorns the big screen, books, and television shows, where it is often depicted as a terrifying creature that appears with a piercing laugh that haunts every step at night.

In a social context, belief in kuntilanak serves as a control mechanism, where parents use this story to scare children into staying home after dark, or as a reminder for women to be more cautious when traveling alone.

4. The Figure of Kuntilanak in Popular Culture

Kuntilanak, an iconic ghost figure in Indonesian popular culture, has transformed from merely a frightful entity to a character rich in background and emotion. In horror films, it is not just a curious spirit, but also a figure seeking justice for its tragic death.

Some works even dare to explore the dark side and suffering it experienced before transforming into a mystical entity. Not only on the big screen, kuntilanak also adorns literary and modern art works, from novels to songs with mystical themes.

With advancements in technology and digital media, the allure of kuntilanak continues to inspire creative exploration across various entertainment platforms, making it a timeless figure.

5. Types of Kuntilanak in Indonesia

In Indonesia, people recognize various types of kuntilanak based on their characteristics and levels of power. Here are some variants of kuntilanak known in the beliefs of the community:

• White Kuntilanak – The most commonly encountered figure, usually depicted wearing white clothing with a more frightening but not aggressive aura.
• Red Kuntilanak – Has a more terrifying and aggressive appearance, often associated with a vengeful spirit and the smell of blood.
• Black Kuntilanak – Often considered a kuntilanak associated with black magic practices, used by shamans for specific purposes.
• Blue Kuntilanak – Rarely encountered, but regarded as the strongest and most dangerous, capable of causing physical and psychological disturbances to those who see it.
• Horse-Legged Kuntilanak – A type of kuntilanak with a unique physical form resembling horse legs, often linked to mysterious supernatural events.

The diversity of these types of kuntilanak shows that the myths surrounding this figure continue to evolve in various regions, influenced by local beliefs and mystical experiences passed down from generation to generation.

6. People Also Ask

Does the kuntilanak really exist?

The kuntilanak is part of mythology and the beliefs of society, but its existence is still debated.

What causes someone to become a kuntilanak?

According to traditional beliefs, the kuntilanak originates from a woman who died during pregnancy or childbirth.

How can you drive away a kuntilanak?

Community beliefs state that nails or sharp objects can ward off the kuntilanak.

Is the kuntilanak only found in Indonesia?

No, the myth of the kuntilanak is also known in Malaysia, Singapore, and Brunei as the pontianak.

Why is the kuntilanak often associated with large trees?

Many folk tales mention that the kuntilanak resides in tall trees as its dwelling place.

(kpl/rmt)