4 Types of Communication, Know the Definition and Function

Kapanlagi.com - Since ancient times, we have been taught various languages, starting from regional languages, Indonesian language, and even some foreign languages that we intentionally learn. It should be noted that Indonesia itself has many regional languages. The Language Development and Training Agency of the Ministry of Education and Culture stated that based on the latest data in 2017, Indonesia has a total of 652 regional languages. With these various regional languages, we should not forget the national language that is still learned and even included in the curriculum since elementary school.

Indonesian language becomes the national language used in Indonesia. A study at the London School of Science and Technology led by Hedvig Skirgard stated that Indonesian language is ranked 10th as one of the most difficult languages to recognize, after Canadian, Fijian, Shona, Dinka, Hausa, Tigrinya, South Efate, Dari, and Maltese. Since ancient times, language has been an important aspect for communication. By using language, humans can communicate to convey messages to each other.

Dr. H. Anwar Arifin, who is a Professor at the Faculty of Communication Sciences, stated that communication is a type of social process that is closely related to human activities and is rich in messages and behavior. In short, communication is done with the aim of achieving understanding between both parties. Communication becomes important to learn in order to avoid mistakes in communication. What kind of mistakes can occur in communication? One of the impacts of mistakes in communication is misunderstanding in receiving messages from others.

Not only paying attention to language, intonation is also equally important in communication. Wrong intonation can make the meaning of a communication deviate. In addition to intonation, word choice can also affect the meaning of communication, for example when we want to ask for someone to fetch an item, it is better to add the words 'please help' in communication so that the person we are talking to does not feel ordered.

The advancement of time development also increases the level of communication. Language development is not only limited to Indonesian language, for example in Jakarta which has slang language that is currently commonly used in everyday communication. With this development, it makes us have to adapt when communicating with others. The type of language used sometimes also determines which group we will socialize with. When we choose to socialize with the Javanese people, we are expected to at least understand the basics of Javanese language. This will make others respect us. With its various uniqueness, did you know that communication has many types? Now let's take a look at the definition and function of 4 types of communication, namely: (kpl/dtm)

1. Communication Based on Delivery

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According to its delivery method, communication is divided into two types, namely oral and written. Oral communication is defined as a type of communication that occurs directly or face-to-face with the speaker without any distance limitations. For example, interviews or regular conversations involving two or more people. On the other hand, written communication is a type of communication that is delivered in written form through media. For example, newspapers, magazines, letters, or even personal or group chats.

2. Communication Based on Objectives

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When viewed based on objectives, communication can be categorized into several types. Such as giving advice, speeches, interviews, or press conferences that are done with the aim of clarifying or announcing news. This concept of communication emphasizes that the communicator is an important factor in achieving those objectives.

3. Communication Based on Scope

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Also, when communication is viewed based on scope, it can be categorized as internal and external communication. Internal communication is a type of communication that occurs within the scope of an organization or company.

For example, interactions between individuals that only exist within that scope. On the other hand, external communication means communication that takes place between organizations or communities in various forms. For example, press conferences, exhibitions, publications, television broadcasts, and social activities.

4. Communication Based on Flow

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This type of communication has many categories formed based on its flow, such as:

-One-way communication, which originates from only one party without any response or interaction from the other party. For example, someone giving a speech.

-Two-way communication, which involves mutual feedback. For example, during an interview, the interviewer asks questions and the interviewee answers, sometimes accompanied by arguments.

-Downward communication, which is communication from superiors to subordinates.

-Upward communication, which originates from a subordinate to a superior.

-Lateral communication, which is communication that occurs among several individuals at the same hierarchical level.

Those are the various types of communication along with their functions. Hopefully, it will enhance your knowledge.