Mukhabarah is a Collaboration between Landowners and Farmers, Know the Definition of its Principles and Requirements

Kapanlagi.com - Islam is a religion that prioritizes the character of its people. Therefore, in Islam, there are various rules and recommendations that regulate the lives of its people. Including in terms of establishing cooperation, there are rules to ensure that no party is harmed, one of which is mukhabarah. In general, mukhabarah is a rule in cooperation in cultivating land.

Mukhabarah is a term that is still quite unfamiliar, even for people who are studying Islam. This is because the matter of land cultivation cooperation is not a popular and frequently done thing. Mukhabarah more often occurs among farmers, who make agreements to cultivate the land together.

As an agrarian country and a Muslim-majority country, it is important to learn what mukhabarah is. Mukhabarah is a rule of cooperation in cultivating land that is mutually beneficial. So, learning mukhabarah is also good for anyone, including non-Islamic people.

To find out more about what mukhabarah is, check out the following review that has been summarized from dream.co.id.

1. Understanding Mukhabarah

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In Arabic, the term mukhabarah means working on someone else's land with a profit-sharing system between the owner and the cultivator. In other words, mukhabarah is a cooperation based on an agreement between the landowner and the cultivator.

In mukhabarah, the landowner usually provides the land to be cultivated and maintained by the cultivator. In addition to providing labor, the cultivator will also provide other equipment such as seeds. The results of the agricultural activities are then divided according to the agreement.

Dhahir Nash Imam Shafi'i believes that mukhabarah is cultivating the land with what is taken out from the land. Meanwhile, according to Sheikh Ibrahim al-Bajuri, in mukhabarah, the owner only hands over the land to the worker, and then the capital during the farming process is borne by the manager or cultivator.

2. Legal Basis of Mukhabarah

In Islam, mukhabarah is not something new. In fact, since the time of the Prophet, this principle of cooperation has been applied. This can be seen in several hadiths that have been used as one of the legal bases of mukhabarah by scholars.

As for the hadiths about mukhabarah, they are as follows.

1. "Whoever owns land, let him cultivate it or let him instruct his brother to cultivate it" (HR. Bukhari).

2. "Narrated by Ibn Umar RA. Indeed, the Prophet Muhammad SAW engaged in business or trade with the people of Khaibar to be cultivated in exchange for a share of the produce in the form of fruits or crops" (HR. Bukhari).

3. Requirements and Pillars of Mukhabarah

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Like other rules or customs in Islam, mukharabah also has a number of requirements and pillars that must be fulfilled. The requirements and pillars are obligatory in order for the mukhabarah to be valid in the eyes of religion.

The requirements of mukhabarah are as follows.

1. The landowner and the cultivator must be mature and sane individuals.

2. The equipment is the responsibility of the farmer who cultivates the land.

3. The land must be productive, have clear boundaries, and be fully handed over to the cultivator.

4. The seeds to be planted must be clear and productive.

5. The duration must be clear according to the customary planting and harvesting period.

6. The distribution of the produce must be clear and in accordance with the stipulations.

Meanwhile, the pillars of mukhabarah are as follows.

1. The presence of a legitimate landowner.

2. The presence of a farmer or cultivator.

3. The land to be cultivated.

4. The process of ijab and qabul (offer and acceptance) to reach an agreement is done verbally.

4. Things that Cancel Mukhabarah

Mukharabah is a collaboration in cultivating land based on Islamic law. Therefore, mukharabah can be declared null and void or terminated according to Islamic principles if the following conditions occur.

1. If the mukhabarah period has ended according to the agreement made during the contract or ijab qobul. In other words, if you intend to continue mukhabarah, you must start the contract process again.

2. If one of the parties passes away.

3. In the case of necessity, for example, the cultivated land is forced to be sold by the owner due to crucial reasons. For example, to pay off debts. Or another example, if the land worker is unable to manage the land due to illness.

4. If a natural disaster occurs, such as a flood that affects the cultivated land, causing damage to the land and plants.

5. Difference between Mukhabarah and Muzara'ah

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Besides mukharabah, there is also a concept in Islam called muzara'ah regarding cooperation in cultivating land. At first glance, the two concepts seem similar, which is making an agreement to work together in cultivating land that benefits both parties. However, upon closer examination, there are actually differences between the two.

These differences are explained by the Shafi'i scholars. Mukhabarah is managing the land on something produced by the manager, while the seeds come from the manager. On the other hand, muzara'ah is similar to mukhabarah, but the seeds come from the landowner. This means that the fundamental difference between them lies in the capital, especially in terms of providing seeds.

Those are some explanations regarding mukharabah, which is a cooperation in cultivating land between the landowner and the farmer. Hopefully, it is beneficial and can increase knowledge.

(kpl/psp)