The Correct Reading for Paying Zakat Fitrah and Its Procedure

Kapanlagi.com - Zakat fitrah is an obligation that cannot be overlooked by every capable Muslim, as a form of self-purification after observing fasting during the blessed month of Ramadan. It is not just a ritual, but a very important act of worship that must be fulfilled by every Muslim, regardless of age or gender. Zakat fitrah is given in the form of staple food, such as dates, wheat, or rice, with a measurement equivalent to one sha'. It is important to remember that this zakat must be delivered before the Idul Fitri prayer.

In a hadith narrated by the Prophet Muhammad SAW, zakat fitrah is obligatory for every Muslim, both free and enslaved. More than just a personal obligation, zakat fitrah also reflects our sense of social solidarity, helping those who are less fortunate. As Muslims, understanding the correct procedure for fulfilling zakat fitrah is key to ensuring that this worship is accepted and brings abundant rewards.

In this article, we will discuss in detail the appropriate timing, the amount of zakat, the intention that must be recited, and who is obligated to fulfill zakat fitrah. Follow the steps below to correctly fulfill this obligation.

1. The Right Time to Pay Zakat Fitrah

Zakat fitrah, a noble obligation in Islamic law, has a specified time for its fulfillment. It is recommended to pay this zakat at the end of the month of Ramadan, just before the Idul Fitri prayer begins. However, Muslims can perform zakat fitrah from the beginning of Ramadan until just before the Id prayer.

Most scholars agree that zakat fitrah is preferable to be given after the dawn of the 1st of Syawal, right before the Idul Fitri prayer is performed. This is based on a hadith narrated by Ibn Umar which states, "The Messenger of Allah (SAW) made zakat fitrah obligatory at the amount of one sha’ of dates or one sha’ of wheat for every Muslim, whether slave or free, male or female, young or old, and he commanded that it be given before the people go out for the Id prayer." (HR. Bukhari Muslim). Therefore, Muslims are encouraged to fulfill zakat fitrah at that time to align with the sunnah.

However, if someone is unable to fulfill zakat fitrah at the recommended time, they are still allowed to perform zakat fitrah earlier as long as it is before the Idul Fitri prayer is conducted. It is important to note that paying zakat fitrah after the Idul Fitri prayer is not considered valid.

2. Calculating the Amount of Zakat Fitrah

The amount of zakat fitrah that must be given is one sha', equivalent to 2.5 kilograms of rice, wheat, or other staple foods consumed daily. Some scholars also suggest that this zakat fitrah be given in cash equivalent to the price of the staple foods set, in accordance with the prevailing value in the local area.

In practice, zakat fitrah can be given in the form of rice calculated based on the measure of one sha', which is about 2.5 kg per person. However, if it is easier or in accordance with local policy, zakat fitrah can also be given in cash equivalent to the price of the staple foods.

As Muslims, we must ensure that the zakat given is not less than the specified amount. Although giving more than the prescribed amount is allowed, it is important to ensure that the zakat issued is in accordance with the sharia.

3. The Correct Reading of Zakat Fitrah

Every act of worship in Islam requires a sincere and heartfelt intention. The same goes for zakat fitrah. The intention for zakat fitrah must be read when giving the zakat and can be spoken out loud or simply held in the heart. This intention varies depending on whom the zakat is to be paid for, whether for oneself, a wife, children, or someone being represented.

Here are some examples of common intentions for zakat fitrah:

• For oneself: "Nawaitu an ukhrija zakaatal fithri 'an nafsî fardhan lillaahi ta'alaa" (Meaning: I intend to give zakat fitrah for myself, obligatory because of Allah Ta'ala).
• For a wife: "Nawaitu an ukhrija zakatal fitri 'an zaujati fardhan lillahi ta'ala" (Meaning: I intend to give zakat fitrah for my wife, obligatory because of Allah Ta'ala).
• For oneself and family: "Nawaitu an ukhrija zakatal fitri 'anni wa 'an jami'i ma talzamuni nafawatuhum fardhan lillahi ta'ala" (Meaning: I intend to give zakat fitrah for myself and all those whose sustenance is my responsibility, obligatory because of Allah Ta'ala).

This intention is very important as it shows seriousness and a sincere intention in fulfilling the obligation of zakat fitrah according to Islamic law.

4. Who is Obligated to Pay Zakat Fitrah?

Zakat fitrah is obligatory for every Muslim who meets several conditions, including being alive before sunset on the night of Eid al-Fitr and having surplus wealth beyond their basic needs on that night. Therefore, every Muslim who possesses food or wealth in excess of their daily needs, whether for themselves or their family, is required to pay zakat fitrah.

The obligation of zakat fitrah also includes the head of the family who is responsible for fulfilling zakat fitrah on behalf of themselves and their family members, such as a wife, children, and elderly parents who are unable to provide for themselves. If a Muslim supports others who are unable, such as orphans or relatives without income, they are also required to pay zakat fitrah for them.

However, those who do not have surplus wealth on the night of Eid al-Fitr, or who are genuinely in a state of poverty, are not obligated to pay zakat fitrah. Additionally, non-Muslims are not required to pay zakat fitrah as this obligation is only for Muslims.

5. Zakat Fitrah Payment Procedure

The process of paying zakat fitrah is now easier and more practical! You can directly give it to those who are entitled, such as the poor and needy, or through a trusted zakat institution. Zakat fitrah can be distributed in the form of staple food or cash, according to the regulations in your area.

Make sure to fulfill it on time, before the Idul Fitri prayer, so that its benefits can be felt by those in need. If you choose a zakat institution, don't forget to check its license and credibility. Many institutions also offer online zakat fitrah payment services, so you can fulfill this obligation more easily and quickly.

6. FAQ

Q: Is zakat fitrah mandatory for all Muslims?

A: Yes, zakat fitrah is mandatory for every Muslim who meets the criteria, such as having excess wealth and being alive before sunset on the night of Idul Fitri.

Q: What is the legal basis for zakat fitrah?

A: Zakat fitrah is mandated based on the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), which states that zakat fitrah must be paid before the Idul Fitri prayer (HR. Bukhari & Muslim).

Q: Can I pay zakat fitrah more than what is specified?

A: Yes, you are allowed to pay more than the specified amount for zakat fitrah, but you cannot pay less than what has been established.

(kpl/rmt)