Transformation of IKN, Aerial Images Before and During Development

Kapanlagi.com - The development of the Nusantara Capital (IKN) in East Kalimantan has brought a striking transformation, turning dense tropical forests into areas with magnificent modern infrastructure. This ambitious project arose from the urgent need to relocate Indonesia's administrative center from Jakarta, which is now beset by various environmental challenges.

With the help of satellite imagery, we can see how dramatic the changes are. Photos from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) show a striking comparison: new roads stretching across areas that were once filled with trees, now serving as the backbone of the infrastructure for the city of the future.

IKN is expected to become a symbol of sustainability, a green and environmentally friendly city. However, this project is not without scrutiny and controversy. On one hand, some appreciate this step as progress, while on the other hand, many question the impact on biodiversity and the lives of local communities.

1. Background of the Transfer of the Capital to Nusantara

In 2019, President Joko Widodo announced a bold move to relocate Indonesia's capital from Jakarta to East Kalimantan, a decision made to alleviate the pressures on a capital city that is now trapped in serious environmental issues, such as flooding, air pollution, and the threat of sinking due to land subsidence reaching 15 cm per year.

Jakarta, home to 30 million people, faces unmanaged growth challenges, with around 40 percent of its area now submerged below sea level. East Kalimantan was chosen as the new location due to its strategic position, far from earthquake risks, and it offers vast land for development.

This island is expected to become a modern metropolitan center that embraces an environmentally friendly concept, addressing future challenges with sustainable innovation.

2. Satellite Photos: Revealing Changes in the IKN Landscape

NASA has just revealed stunning views through satellite photos showing the drastic changes in the forest in East Kalimantan before and after the commencement of the National Capital City (IKN) development.

In the photo taken in April 2022, the area was still filled with lush green forests, but in just two years, specifically in February 2024, a significant transformation is clearly visible where new roads and open land have replaced the dense vegetation that previously dominated.

Data obtained from the OLI-2 instrument on Landsat 9 and OLI on Landsat 8 provides a detailed picture of the development's impact, threatening the biodiversity of the region, which is home to various unique species such as the proboscis monkey, Mahakam dolphin, and mangrove forests that are vital for the local ecosystem.

3. Development Progress and Future Plans

The development of the Nusantara National Capital (IKN) officially began in July 2022, marking the initial step to create a modern and environmentally friendly administrative center, where 75 percent of the area will remain as pristine forest.

With the vision of "green and walkable," this ambitious project aims to accommodate around 500 thousand initial residents, equipped with adequate government facilities and supporting infrastructure. The government is committed to prioritizing environmental rehabilitation and utilizing renewable energy as the main resource.

However, behind this grand plan, environmental observers warn of the potential for high carbon emissions that could arise as well as the long-term impacts that may threaten the ecosystem.

4. Environmental Impact and Biodiversity

Borneo, a paradise of global biodiversity, is home to various unique species and vulnerable ecosystems. However, the development plan for the National Capital City (IKN) raises concerns about the extinction of natural habitats for rare creatures such as the proboscis monkey, the Mahakam dolphin, and other endemic birds.

Moreover, the East Kalimantan coast, which is the project location, is also home to mangrove forests that play a crucial role as natural carbon sinks. Changes in land use for this development have the potential to accelerate the destruction of already fragile ecosystems.

Nevertheless, the government is determined to restore greenery by undertaking reforestation efforts and protecting certain areas from further exploitation, in order to preserve this invaluable natural heritage.

5. Public Opinion and Controversy Surrounding the IKN Project

The development of the new capital city, Nusantara (IKN), in East Kalimantan has come under sharp scrutiny, not only for its environmental impact but also for the indigenous communities concerned about losing their land and rights to their traditional territories.

On one hand, this ambitious project is seen as a golden opportunity to create a more planned and sustainable growth center, with infrastructure development such as roads and bridges expected to connect remote areas. However, on the other hand, environmental activists remind us that this progress must not come at the expense of the rich biodiversity and local culture that have existed for a long time.

Therefore, greater efforts are needed to ensure transparency and community involvement, so that this development truly reflects the interests of all parties.

6. What is the main reason for relocating the capital to East Kalimantan?

This bold step is taken to alleviate the burden on Jakarta, which is now caught in various serious problems such as flooding, pollution threatening health, and the risk of sinking due to increasingly severe land subsidence.

7. When did the development of IKN begin and when is it planned to be completed?

This ambitious project officially began in July 2022 and is scheduled to be completed in 2045, promising a remarkable transformation over a considerable period.

8. Does the development of IKN have a negative impact on the environment?

Although this city is created with a vision to become a green and environmentally friendly city, changes in land use have raised deep concerns about its impact on biodiversity and the surrounding ecosystems.

9. How is the government addressing environmental concerns?

The government has shown a strong commitment to preserving the environment by setting ambitious targets, namely ensuring that 75 percent of its area remains forested and transitioning to renewable energy use. This step not only reflects a commitment to protecting nature but also creates a greener and more sustainable future for generations to come.

(kpl/srr)