HMPV is a Dangerous Respiratory Disease You Need to Know About, Here Are the Preventive Measures

Kapanlagi.com - The recent surge in Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) infection cases in China has raised global awareness. This virus is known as a highly contagious cause of respiratory infections and can be fatal, especially for vulnerable groups such as children, the elderly, and those with weakened immune systems. Since late 2024, HMPV has rapidly spread across several provinces in China, drawing serious global attention.

HMPV spreads through droplets produced when a person coughs or sneezes, as well as through contact with contaminated surfaces. Symptoms of this infection vary, ranging from mild ones like cough and cold to more serious conditions like pneumonia and respiratory failure. In some cases, severe complications may even require intensive hospital care with ventilator support.

Health officials around the world are now urging the public to be more vigilant and strengthen preventive measures. Personal hygiene and maintaining distance are key to protecting oneself and loved ones from the threat of this virus.

1. HMPV What Disease: Why Should It Be Watched Out For?

Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a virus that lurks in the respiratory tract and was first detected in 2001, although research indicates that it has actually been circulating for decades without detection.

This virus, which belongs to the Paramyxoviridae family, which also includes the measles and parainfluenza viruses, spreads rapidly through droplets from coughing or sneezing, as well as direct contact with infected individuals or contaminated surfaces.

HMPV often appears in seasonal outbreaks, especially during the winter and early spring, and the groups most vulnerable to this infection are children, the elderly, and those with weakened immune systems.

According to the Cleveland Clinic, this virus is responsible for 5-10% of hospitalization cases due to respiratory infections worldwide, and in the United States, its contribution reaches 16% for hospitalizations of children and the elderly with acute respiratory complications.

2. What is HMPV Disease: Symptoms to Watch Out For

Symptoms of HMPV typically appear within 3 to 7 days after exposure to the virus, and often resemble other respiratory infections. Cough, runny nose, mild fever, and nasal congestion are common early signs, while some patients may also experience sore throat and pain when swallowing, accompanied by extreme fatigue.

In more severe cases, HMPV can progress to serious complications such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia, which can trigger shortness of breath, high fever that is difficult to manage, and wheezing that disrupts daily activities. Those with a history of chronic lung disease or weakened immune systems are at higher risk of experiencing worsening conditions that require intensive care, and may even need a ventilator to assist with breathing.

Therefore, recognizing symptoms early is key to preventing more serious complications. If the condition begins to worsen, seek medical assistance immediately for appropriate treatment.

3. HMPV What Disease: The Impact of HMPV on Health and the Surge of Cases in China

The surge of HMPV cases in China has created a wave of concern among health experts, especially after the National Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported a sharp increase in infections since December 2024.

Children under 14 and the elderly with chronic health conditions are the most affected groups, with this virus causing acute respiratory symptoms that often force patients to be hospitalized. The situation is further complicated by the rise in rhinovirus and influenza infections, which add to the burden on an already stressed healthcare system.

Health officials continue to closely monitor this situation, striving to prevent further spread and ensure that healthcare facilities are prepared to face the existing challenges.

4. HMPV What Disease: Prevention of Transmission

Until now, the vaccine for HMPV is still not available, so prevention is the key to minimizing the risk of infection. Make sure your hands are always clean by washing them with soap and running water for 20 seconds, or use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer when soap is not accessible.

When in public places or caring for sick individuals, do not forget to wear a mask to prevent the spread of infected droplets. Additionally, regularly clean frequently touched surfaces, such as doorknobs, tables, and mobile phones, to reduce the risk of the virus.

Avoid close contact with people showing symptoms of cough or cold, and remember not to share eating or drinking utensils. Lastly, maintain respiratory hygiene by covering your mouth when coughing or sneezing with a tissue, and dispose of the tissue immediately to protect yourself and others from transmission.

5. What Disease is HMPV: Treatment and When to See a Doctor?

Until now, specific antiviral treatment for HMPV remains a challenge, so the main management focuses more on alleviating symptoms with pain relievers and fever reducers such as paracetamol or ibuprofen. Decongestants can be your ally in dealing with nasal congestion and wheezing.

However, for those experiencing more serious conditions, hospitalization may be necessary to support breathing and control the infection. Cleveland Clinic reminds that individuals with a history of chronic diseases such as COPD or asthma need to be extra cautious, as they are at high risk of experiencing severe complications.

If you experience difficulty breathing, a high fever that won't subside, or notice a bluish tint on your lips and nails, do not hesitate to seek medical help immediately, as these symptoms could be signs of serious complications that require emergency treatment.

6. Is HMPV dangerous?

Of course, the most vulnerable groups such as children, the elderly, and those with weakened immune systems need to receive special attention.

7. How does HMPV spread?

Through fine droplets produced from coughing and sneezing, as well as through surfaces exposed to germs, the virus can spread quickly and unpredictably.

8. What should be done to prevent HMPV?

Maintain your health with simple yet effective steps: wash your hands regularly, wear a mask when outside, avoid crowds, and don’t forget to clean frequently touched surfaces.

(kpl/srr)