Must Know, Here Are the Provisions and How to Calculate Zakat Mal to Purify Wealth and Soul

Kapanlagi.com - Zakat mal is one of the important pillars in Islamic teachings that is directly related to the wealth of a Muslim. Every individual who possesses wealth needs to understand the conditions and how to calculate zakat mal in order to fulfill this obligation correctly. In this article, we will thoroughly discuss the mandatory conditions for zakat mal as well as the calculation steps.

In general, zakat mal is imposed on wealth that meets two important conditions: nisab and haul. Nisab is the minimum amount of wealth that must be zakat, while haul refers to the period of ownership of that wealth for one year. Therefore, if you have wealth that meets these criteria, it becomes your obligation to pay zakat mal.

Summarized by Kapanlagi.com from various sources on Wednesday (5/3/2025), here are the provisions and how to calculate zakat mal that you need to know.

1. Types of Wealth that Must be Zakat

Not all wealth is required to be subject to zakat. Islam sets certain conditions for wealth to be subject to zakat obligations. According to the National Zakat Agency (BAZNAS) and other zakat institutions, here are several types of wealth that must be zakat:

• Cash, savings, and deposits
• Gold, silver, and other valuable items
• Trade and business assets
• Agricultural, plantation, and livestock products
• Mining and natural resource products
• Investment returns such as stocks and bonds
• Income from professional services or fixed income

This wealth must meet the conditions of zakat mal, including reaching nisab and full ownership by its owner.

Conditions of Wealth That Must Be Zakat

Before paying zakat mal, ensure that the wealth owned meets the following mandatory zakat conditions:

1. Full ownership → The wealth is truly owned and can be managed by its owner.
2. Obtained from halal sources → Wealth derived from haram sources is not valid for zakat.
3. Reaches nisab → The value of the wealth reaches the minimum limit specified.
4. Free from debt → If a person has debts that must be paid immediately, then the value of the remaining wealth after paying the debts is what is calculated for zakat.
5. Has reached haul (one year of ownership) → Except for agricultural zakat which is paid each harvest.

If all these conditions are met, then a Muslim is obliged to fulfill zakat mal according to its calculation.

2. How to Calculate Zakat on Wealth

After meeting all the above requirements, the calculation of zakat on wealth is relatively simple. The amount of zakat on wealth is 2.5% of the total net value of wealth that has reached nisab and haul. Here are the steps to calculate zakat on wealth:

1. Identify Wealth: Identify all types of wealth that fall into the category of zakat on wealth, such as cash, savings, gold, silver, securities, trade proceeds, and other assets.
2. Calculate Net Wealth Value: Sum the value of all wealth and subtract the total debts owed.
3. Determine Nisab: Compare the net wealth value with the applicable nisab (the value of 85 grams of gold at present). If the net wealth value exceeds the nisab, then zakat must be paid.
4. Calculate Zakat: Multiply the net wealth value by 2.5%. The result is the amount of zakat that must be paid.

Example calculation: For instance, someone has cash of Rp150,000,000 and has no debts. Assume the current nisab value is Rp85,000,000. Since their wealth exceeds the nisab, the zakat that must be paid is: 2.5% x Rp 150,000,000 = Rp 3,750,000.

3. Important Notes

The value of the nisab for gold and silver can indeed fluctuate daily, following market price dynamics. Therefore, it is highly recommended to always consult with official zakat institutions or scholars to obtain the latest information regarding accurate nisab values.

The calculation of zakat mal should ideally be done every year after reaching the haul, and to make it easier, you can make payments through a trusted zakat management institution (LAZ).

To ensure your zakat calculation is more accurate and tailored to your personal situation, do not hesitate to discuss with official zakat institutions or competent scholars. The rules and regulations for zakat may also vary, depending on the school of thought and fatwa followed.

4. Differences Between Zakat Mal and Zakat Fitrah

Although both are categorized as zakat, zakat mal and zakat fitrah have several fundamental differences. Understanding these differences is important for Muslims to fulfill both types of zakat correctly. Here are some key differences between zakat mal and zakat fitrah:

• Zakat Object: Zakat Mal is imposed on wealth such as gold, silver, money, trade profits, and agriculture. Zakat Fitrah is imposed on every Muslim individual.
• Timing of Payment: Zakat Mal can be given at any time after meeting the haul and nisab requirements, while Zakat Fitrah is specifically given during the month of Ramadan.
• Zakat Recipients: Zakat Mal can be distributed to 8 categories of zakat recipients, while Zakat Fitrah is prioritized for the poor and needy.
• Amount of Zakat: Zakat Mal is generally 2.5% of the total qualifying wealth, whereas Zakat Fitrah is a fixed amount, which is 2.5 kg of rice per person.

5. FAQ

What is zakat mal?

Zakat mal is the zakat that is issued from certain wealth or property that has met the conditions of haul and nisab according to Islamic law.

When should zakat mal be issued?

Zakat mal can be issued at any time after meeting the conditions of haul and nisab, without any specific time limit.

How to determine the nisab of zakat mal?

The nisab of zakat mal can be determined by referring to the current price of gold or silver, usually equivalent to 85 grams of gold for zakat mal.

Does debt affect the calculation of zakat mal?

Yes, debt must be deducted from the total wealth before calculating zakat mal, so that only net wealth is counted.

(kpl/rmt)