Characteristics of Poetry and Its Elements, Also Know the Types of Old - New Poetry

Kapanlagi.com - Poetry is synonymous with beautiful words that contain deep meaning. Because poetry can also be a medium for conveying messages and feelings. That is why reading poetry not only entertains us and makes us happy, but can also provide reflection and even learning. By knowing the characteristics of poetry, we will find it easier to understand this literary work.

As a literary work, poetry never loses its popularity. Poetry always has its own fans. Every year, the names of young poets emerge. Meanwhile, the names of veteran poets like Chairil Anwar, WS Rendra, Taufik Ismail, Sapardi Djoko Damono, and Joko Pinurbo never fade away. It's no wonder that many people want to learn how to write poetry.

In order to be able to write poetry, it is important to know the characteristics of poetry. In addition, poetry also contains elements that must be fulfilled, so that the written poetry is good and can touch people's hearts. Summarized from various sources, here is a review of the ins and outs of poetry.

1. Definition of Poetry

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Poetry is one form of literary work. Poetry is written with the aim of expressing a feeling or a thought creatively and imaginatively. Someone who is skilled at creating or composing a poem is called a poet. When creating poetry, a poet will use a systematic language and convey many meanings according to the message they want to convey.

2. Elements in Poetry

Like other forms of literary work, poetry is also composed of intrinsic and extrinsic elements. Without these two elements, poetry can lose its beauty and its message or meaning. Here is a discussion of the intrinsic and extrinsic elements in poetry.

1. Intrinsic Elements of Poetry
The intrinsic elements of poetry are the elements contained within the poem and greatly influence the position of the poem as a literary work. The intrinsic elements of poetry include diction, imagery, figures of speech, sound, rhyme, rhythm, and theme.

2. Extrinsic Elements of Poetry
Extrinsic elements of poetry can be various aspects that can influence the process of writing poetry. These aspects include historical, psychological, philosophical, and religious aspects.

3. Characteristics of Poetry in General

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Knowing the characteristics of poetry will help us identify the types and meanings contained within. There are two types of poetry with different characteristics and styles of delivery. However, before studying the types of poetry, it is better to understand the general characteristics of poetry as follows.

1. The use of stanzas consisting of lines.

2. The use of diction that is figurative (imaginative), concise, and beautiful.

3. The use of figures of speech that are dominant in the use of language style.

4. The use of diction considers the presence of rhyme and rhyme scheme in its form.

5. The use of setting, plot, and characters are not emphasized in its expression.

4. Old Poetry and Its Types

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As mentioned earlier, based on its era and form, poetry is divided into two types, one of which is old poetry. Old poetry is poetry that is written based on old rules or conventions. For example, the number of lines, stanzas, rhyme or rhyme scheme, the number of syllables in each line, and the rhythm.

Here are some types of old poetry:

1. Pantun is a form of old poetry with the characteristic of a-b-a-b rhyme scheme, with each line consisting of 8-12 syllables, consisting of 4 lines with the first two lines as the introduction and the third and fourth lines as the content.

2. Mantra is a poem that contains words believed to have a mystical power.

3. Gurindam is a type of old poetry that consists of two lines with a-a a-a rhyme scheme, and contains advice.

4. Syair is a type of old poetry originating from the Arab land, with the characteristic of each stanza consisting of 4 lines with a-a-a-a rhyme scheme. Syair can contain advice or a story.

5. Karmina is a shorter form of pantun.

6. Talibun is a type of old poetry with the characteristics of a even-numbered pantun. Each stanza consists of an even number of lines, such as 6, 8, or 10 lines.

5. New Poetry and Its Types

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Another type of poetry is new poetry. Unlike old poetry, new poetry is no longer bound by writing rules, such as the number of lines, syllables, or rhyme. Therefore, it is more free in terms of writing and delivery style.

Here are some types of new poetry:

1. Ballad is a poem that tells stories. Ballad consists of 3 stanzas, each stanza consists of 8 lines. The first line has the rhyme scheme a-b-a-b-b-c-c-d, then the rhyme scheme changes to a-b-a-b-b-c-b-c, and the last rhyme scheme in the first stanza is used as a reference in the following stanzas.

2. Hymn is a new poem used as a tribute to God, the homeland, heroes, and institutions.

3. Ode is a new poem that contains praises for people who have made contributions. The tone and style of Ode is very formal, graceful, and flattering both to individuals and events.

4. Epigram is a poem that contains guidance or teachings about life.

5. Romance is a poem that contains the poet's overflowing feelings about love.

6. Sestet is a poem that consists of 6 lines in each stanza.

7. Septime is a poem that consists of 7 lines in each stanza.

8. Octave or Stanza is a poem that consists of 8 lines in each stanza.

9. Elegy is a poem that contains sadness.

10. Quatrain is a poem that consists of 4 lines in each stanza.

11. Quint is a poem that consists of 5 lines in each stanza.

12. Satire is a poem that contains satire or criticism.

13. Distich is a poem that consists of 2 lines or a single-line poem.

14. Sonnet is a new type of poem that has the characteristics of a poem consisting of 14 lines divided into 2, the first 2 stanzas consist of 4 lines, and the second 2 stanzas consist of 3 lines.

15. Terzina is a poem that consists of 3 lines in each stanza.

Those are some reviews about the characteristics of poetry along with its elements and types. Hopefully, it is useful and can increase knowledge.

(kpl/psp)