Explore the World of Stomach Acid Medications, Understand the Types and How They Work!

Kapanlagi.com - Excess stomach acid can be a nightmare for our health, causing various uncomfortable complaints, ranging from heartburn to pain in the upper abdomen. In fact, this condition can develop into more serious issues like GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease).

Various factors can trigger it, such as irregular eating patterns, stress, consumption of spicy or caffeinated foods, and changes in meal schedules during fasting. But don't worry! There are many stomach acid medications available to help relieve symptoms quickly.

These medications work by neutralizing stomach acid, reducing its production, or protecting the stomach and esophagus walls from irritation. Symptoms such as nausea, bloating, and a burning sensation in the chest (heartburn) can be managed with the right choice of medication.

In this interesting article, we will explore various types of commonly used stomach acid medications, which can be tailored to individual needs. Each medication has indications, effectiveness, and potential side effects that need to be considered for more targeted use.

Check out the complete review summarized by Kapanlagi.com from various sources, Monday (4/7/2025).

1. Antacids

Antacids are one of the quick and easy solutions to relieve stomach acid problems that often disturb, such as heartburn and bloating. This medication works by neutralizing excess stomach acid and stopping the activity of the pepsin enzyme that can worsen irritation.

There are various types of antacids, such as sodium bicarbonate and calcium carbonate which provide instant effects, but must be used with caution to avoid causing alkalosis.

On the other hand, aluminum hydroxide is safer for long-term use although it can cause constipation, while magnesium hydroxide is effective but can cause diarrhea if consumed in excess.

In addition to antacids, there are also H2 blockers that inhibit the action of histamine to reduce stomach acid production, helping to relieve symptoms of ulcers and GERD.

Examples of H2 blockers include ranitidine and famotidine, which are generally safe but can cause mild side effects if the dosage is not monitored.

2. Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI)

Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI) are heroes in the medical world tasked with suppressing stomach acid production in a very effective way.

By inhibiting the H+/K+ ATPase enzyme, commonly known as the proton pump, PPIs such as omeprazole, lansoprazole, and esomeprazole provide maximum protection for the stomach, making them the first choice for addressing issues like GERD and stomach ulcers.

Thanks to their longer-lasting power compared to H2 blockers, PPIs are a mainstay in combination therapy to combat Helicobacter pylori infection.

Although side effects such as constipation, diarrhea, and abdominal pain may occur, these medications are generally well tolerated by the body.

On the other hand, misoprostol, which belongs to the prostaglandin group, plays a dual role by reducing acid production and strengthening the stomach's protective lining, making it an ideal solution for those at risk of stomach damage due to long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

However, its use must be closely monitored, especially in pregnant women, as it can trigger uterine contractions.

3. Sucralfate

Sucralfate is a unique medication that functions as a protector for the stomach and intestines that are injured or irritated, by forming a protective layer that aids in the healing process.

Unlike other medications that only reduce acid production, sucralfate acts more as a mechanical protector that coats the damaged mucosa, making it very beneficial in the treatment of gastric ulcers and chronic gastritis, especially for those who are sensitive to acid blockers.

Although the common side effect is constipation, sucralfate is generally safe to use in the medium to long term. On the other hand, there are also Potassium-Competitive Acid Blockers (PCAB), the latest generation of gastric acid inhibitors that work by directly competing with potassium ions, resulting in faster and more stable acid inhibition.

Medications like vonoprazan and tegoprazan have proven effective in addressing serious conditions such as erosive esophagitis and H. pylori infection, with the advantage of faster effects compared to PPIs, making them an ideal choice for acute conditions.

4. How to Prevent Stomach Acid from Rising to Avoid Recurrence

Although various medications are available to relieve stomach acid symptoms, the wisest step to maintain digestive comfort is through prevention.

By adopting a healthy lifestyle and diet, you can reduce the frequency of stomach acid attacks and avoid digestive disturbances that can disrupt daily activities.

To that end, it is important not to skip meals to keep stomach acid production balanced, avoid lying down after eating to prevent food from being pushed into the esophagus, and make sure to drink enough water to facilitate digestion.

Additionally, limit the consumption of trigger foods such as fatty and spicy foods, change your eating pattern to more frequent meals with smaller portions, enjoy each bite slowly, and don't forget to consume high-protein foods that can strengthen the lower esophageal sphincter muscles, so that stomach acid remains in its place.

(kpl/rao)