How to Make a Correct and Easy Abstract, Understand the Elements - Format and Structure

Kapanlagi.com - Abstract is one of the important parts in scientific works, such as thesis, dissertation, journal, and others. As the name suggests, an abstract contains an abstraction or a brief summary of the entire parts of a scientific work. That is why, abstract is also one of the relatively difficult parts of a scientific work to create. No wonder, many people search for a guide on how to make an abstract on the internet.

One of the difficulties in making an abstract is summarizing the entirety of the parts of a scientific work in only 1-2 pages. However, a scientific work can consist of dozens to hundreds of pages. Therefore, precision and accuracy are needed in composing the abstract. In addition, there are several things that need to be considered in composing an abstract. What are they?

Summarized from various sources, here is a review of how to make a practical and easily understood abstract.

1. Understanding What is an Abstract

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Before starting to create, it is important for you to first understand what an abstract is. As quoted from liputan6.com, the International Standard Organization (ISO) refers to an abstract as a brief and accurate description that represents the content or essence of a document without any additional interpretation or criticism and without considering who created the composition.

In addition to being presented in a concise, accurate, and clear manner, an abstract must also be made following several provisions or standards that have been established. These provisions and standards include the elements within the content as well as the writing format. For more details, please refer to the following discussion.

2. Elements in an Abstract

Abstracts are created as summaries that show the entire parts of a scientific work briefly. Therefore, a good abstract should be made clearly so that it can be easily understood. This will make readers more interested in exploring the researched material. In order to achieve that, several elements in an abstract must be fulfilled. The correct way to create an abstract should meet the following elements.

1) Writing elements that are simple, concise, compact, clear, and easily understood.

2) Argumentation elements that are logically arranged and balanced with observations to solve the raised problems.

3) Method or approach elements used in the effort to solve the researched problems.

4) Results elements achieved accompanied by conclusions that can be drawn from the scientific work.

3. Understanding the Format and Structure of Writing an Abstract

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As mentioned earlier, abstracts cannot be written haphazardly. Abstracts are made for scientific purposes, so they must be composed following the predetermined format and structure. Therefore, understanding the format and structure of writing an abstract is an important part of creating an abstract.

Abstracts are usually written in two languages, Indonesian and English. For the font, abstracts usually use Times New Roman font with 1.0 spacing. In addition, there are several formats and structures in writing an abstract. Some of these formats and structures are as follows.

1) The format and structure of writing the research title are typed using capital font and size 14, with the text centered and printed in bold.

2) The format and structure of the sub-title are the same as the title, only the size is changed to 12.

3) The format and structure of writing the researcher's name is written without using titles, accompanied by a sequential number with superscript position centered and font size 12 printed in bold.

4) The format and structure of writing the department name, study program, and institution address are positioned in the center with font size 12 printed in bold.

5) The format and structure of writing the lead researcher's email is included in the center with font size 12.

6) The format and structure of writing the title "ABSTRACT" is written in capital letters with the center position printed in bold.

7) The format and structure of writing the abstract content is written with left-right alignment, with a maximum of 250 words, using font size 12.

8) The format and structure of writing keywords are made with left-right alignment.

4. How to Make an Abstract

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After understanding the elements, format, and structure, you can now create a proper abstract. Here are tips and steps to make an abstract.

1) Briefly explain the background of the problem in the research by including relevant parts that need to be presented.

2) Briefly describe the methods used in the research, along with the instruments used.

3) Summarize the research findings in general, presenting the results in a few sentences.

4) Include a conclusion that represents the overall research findings in a few sentences.

5) Include keywords at the end of the paragraph to facilitate online searching.

6) Ensure that the created abstract meets the elements, format, and structure.

That is a review of how to make a proper abstract. Hopefully, it is useful and can enhance your knowledge!

(kpl/gen/psp)