302 Examples of Personal Pronouns in Indonesian

Kapanlagi.com - Personal pronouns are an important part of Indonesian grammar. Their usage helps make sentences more effective and avoids repetition. Here are 350 examples of personal pronouns along with explanations and usage:

1. First Person Pronouns

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Singular

1. Saya: Formal, commonly used

• I will go to the office tomorrow.
• I apologize, I am late.

2. Aku: Informal, familiar

• I like to read history books.
• I disagree with your opinion.

3. Daku: Poetic, rarely used

• I miss my hometown.
• I cannot forget you.

4. Hamba: Very formal, archaic

• I beg your pardon, Your Highness.
• I am ready to carry out Your command.

5. Beta: Formal, used in some regions

• I will attend that meeting.
• I feel honored by this invitation.

Plural

6. Kami: Exclusive, does not include the listener

• We will hold an internal meeting tomorrow.
• We have completed the project.

7. Kita: Inclusive, includes the listener

• We must work together to achieve this goal.
• We are all part of the community.

2. Second Person Pronouns

Singular

8. Kamu: Informal, familiar

• Have you had lunch yet?
• What are you working on?

9. Anda: Formal, polite

• Please fill out this form.
• What is your opinion on this?

10. Engkau: Poetic, rarely used

• You are my source of inspiration.
• Why did you leave without saying goodbye?

11. Dikau: Poetic, very rarely used

• You are always present in my dreams.
• Only you can understand my feelings.

Plural

12. Kalian: Informal, plural

• You all must finish this task immediately.
• What are your plans for the upcoming holiday?

13. Anda sekalian: Formal, plural

• You all are invited to enter the room.
• Thank you for your attention, everyone.

3. Third Person Pronouns

Singular

14. Dia: Neutral

• He/She is studying for the exam tomorrow.
• What did he/she say to you?

15. Ia: Formal, often used in writing

• He/She delivered an impressive speech.
• He/She has worked hard for years.

16. Beliau: Respectful, for a respected person

• He/She is a highly respected teacher.
• Please send my regards to him/her.

Plural

17. Mereka: Plural

• They are on their way here.
• What are they planning for the event?

4. Possessive Pronouns

18. -ku: First person singular possessive

• My book was lost yesterday.
• This is my new house.

19. -mu: Second person singular possessive

• Where did you put your bag?
• Your car is very nice.

20. -nya: Third person singular possessive

• His/Her house is at the end of the street.
• What color is his/her shirt?

5. Demonstrative Pronouns

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21. This: Referring to objects/things nearby

• This is the book I was looking for.
• What do you think about this?

22. That: Referring to objects/things far away

• That is the highest mountain in this area.
• Who owns that car?

23. Here: Referring to a place near the speaker

• Come here for a moment!
• Put your things here.

24. There: Referring to a place near the listener

• Please get the book that is over there.
• Is there anyone there?

25. Over there: Referring to a place far from both the speaker and the listener

• Look, what's over there?
• They are playing over there.

6. Interrogative Pronouns

26. Who: Asking about a person

• Who called you earlier?
• Who is the author of this book?

27. What: Asking about an object or thing

• What are you reading?
• What are our plans for the weekend?

28. Which: Asking about a choice or place

• Which do you prefer, tea or coffee?
• Where did you put my car keys?

29. When: Asking about time

• When will we meet again?
• When will the event start?

30. Why: Asking about a reason

• Why are you late today?
• Why was he absent from the meeting?

7. Indefinite Pronouns

31. Someone: A non-specific person

• Someone left a message for you.
• There was someone looking for you earlier.

32. Something: An unspecified object or thing

• I want to tell you something.
• There is something strange over there.

33. Each: Every individual in a group

• Each participant will receive a certificate.
• Please take one book for each person.

8. Usage of Pronouns in Context

34. Combination of first and second person pronouns

• I and you need to finish this project soon.
• I hope you can understand our situation.

35. Combination of first and third person pronouns

• We and they have agreed to collaborate.
• I and he will attend the meeting.

36. Use of pronouns in complex sentences

• Although they disagreed, we continued with our plan.
• She said she would help us if we needed it.

37. Pronouns in formal conversation

• “Excuse me, sir. May I ask you a question?”
• “Of course, go ahead. What would you like to ask?”

38. Pronouns in informal conversation

• “Hey, do you want to join?”
• “Sure, but I have to go home early.”

39. Use of pronouns in narration

• She walked slowly towards her house. She felt tired after working all day.
• They ran as fast as they could. Their legs felt heavy, but they didn’t give up.

40. Pronouns in a business context

• We hope to establish a good partnership with your company.
• Please consider the proposal we have submitted.

9. Variations in the Use of Pronouns

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41. The use of the first-person singular pronoun in various situations

• Formal: “I will present this report.”
• Informal: “I really like that movie!”
• Poetic: “I cannot resist this longing.”

42. The use of the second-person singular pronoun in various contexts

• Polite: “Please wait a moment.”
• Familiar: “What do you want to eat?”
• Poetic: “You are the sun in my life.”

43. Variations of the third-person singular pronoun

• Neutral: “They are not feeling well.”
• Formal: “He delivered an impressive speech.”
• Respectful: “He is a highly respected figure.”

44. The use of plural pronouns in various situations

• Inclusive: “We must unite to face this challenge.”
• Exclusive: “We will hold an internal meeting tomorrow.”
• Informal: “Do you all want to join the movie?”

45. Combinations of possessive pronouns

• “My book is missing, but your book is still on the table.”
• “Our house is close to their house.”

10. The Use of Pronouns in Specific Contexts

46. Pronouns in religious contexts

• “I seek Your forgiveness, O Allah.”
• “We must always be grateful for His blessings.”

47. Pronouns in academic contexts

• “The author argues that…”
• “This research aims to…”

48. Pronouns in legal contexts

• “The defendant states that he is not guilty.”
• “The plaintiff demands that the defendant pays compensation.”

49. Pronouns in journalistic contexts

• “The source stated that they were unaware of the incident.”
• “According to a reliable source, he has resigned.”

50. Pronouns in literature

• “I am a falling leaf, drifting in search of meaning.”
• “She is the moon, and I am the star that always chases her.”

11. Common Mistakes in Using Pronouns

51. Inconsistency in the use of pronouns

• Incorrect: “I am happy to meet you. You are a pleasant person.”
• Correct: “I am happy to meet you. You are a pleasant person.”

52. Use of pronouns that are not contextually appropriate

• Incorrect: “Hey, bro! Can you help me?”
• Correct: “Hey, bro! Can you help me?”

53. Excessive use of pronouns

• Excessive: “He said that he would go to his friend's house because he wanted to borrow a book from his friend.”
• Better: “He said he would go to his friend's house to borrow a book.”

54. Ambiguity in the use of pronouns

• Ambiguous: “John talked to Tom about his project. He was very enthusiastic.”
• Clearer: “John talked to Tom about John's project. John was very enthusiastic.”

55. Incorrect use of pronouns for objects

• Incorrect: “The car is broken. It needs to be repaired.”
• Correct: “The car is broken. It needs to be repaired.”

12. Effective Use of Pronouns Tips

56. Pay attention to the context and formality of the situation

• Formal: “I apologize for the inconvenience, Sir/Madam.”
• Informal: “Sorry, I'm late.”

57. Be consistent in the use of pronouns

• Consistent: “You are welcome to enter. Please have a seat in the available chair.”
• Inconsistent: “You are welcome to enter. Please sit in the available chair.”

58. Avoid unnecessary repetition

• Excessive: “Maria is very smart. Maria always gets good grades. Maria is also active in the organization.”
• Better: “Maria is very smart. She always gets good grades. She is also active in the organization.”

59. Use pronouns to make sentences more concise

• Long: “My mother and my father went to the market to buy the vegetables that my mother and my father needed.”
• Concise: “My parents went to the market to buy the vegetables they needed.”

60. Pay attention to the nuances of pronoun meaning

• “We will hold an internal meeting.” (not including the interlocutor)
• “We will hold a joint meeting.” (including the interlocutor)

13. Pronouns in Language Variations

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61. Pronouns in colloquial language

• "I'm really lazy right now."
• "Do you want to join?"

62. Pronouns in regional languages (example: Javanese)

• "I want to go."
• "Have you eaten?"

63. Pronouns in formal old language

• "I humbly ask for your forgiveness, Your Highness."
• "I approach Your Majesty with full respect."

64. Pronouns in children's language

• "Little sibling wants milk."
• "Big sibling, who are you playing with?"

65. Pronouns in teenage language

• "I'm really annoyed right now."
• "Where are you all going?"

14. The Use of Pronouns in Social Media

66. Pronouns in text messages

• "I'm on my way."
• "Where are you?"

67. Pronouns in Instagram captions

• "Me and him, together forever."
• "We are the generation that will change the world."

68. Pronouns in tweets

• "They say this is impossible, but we will prove it can be done!"
• "You have the right to be heard. Speak your mind!"

69. Pronouns in Facebook statuses

• "I am very grateful for all your support."
• "We will announce the winner of this competition soon."

70. Pronouns in online comments

• "In my opinion, your viewpoint is not quite right."
• "You are amazing! I love your works."

15. Pronouns in a Professional Context

71. Pronouns in official letters

• "With this letter, we attach the documents you requested."
• "Please, Sir/Madam, could you sign the attached form?"

72. Pronouns in presentations

• "We from the marketing team will present the new strategy."
• "You can see the growth chart on the next slide."

73. Pronouns in job interviews

• "I have five years of experience in this field."
• "What is your opinion on the developments in this industry?"

74. Pronouns in reports

• "The author found that factor X has a significant impact."
• "Our team has completed the first phase of the project."

75. Pronouns in speeches

• "Ladies and gentlemen, we must unite."
• "Allow me to convey a few important points."

16. Pronouns in the Context of Education

76. Pronouns in exam instructions

• “You are expected to answer all questions.”
• “Participants are not allowed to open books during the exam.”

77. Pronouns in textbooks

• “You can find the answer on the next page.”
• “We will study this topic further in the next chapter.”

78. Pronouns in class discussions

• “Who would like to share their opinion?”
• “You must work together in groups to complete this project.”

79. Pronouns in teacher feedback

• “You have shown significant progress.”
• “I hope you can improve your performance in the next semester.”

80. Pronouns in online materials

• “You can access the learning video at the following link.”
• “If you experience difficulties, please contact us.”

17. Pronouns in the Context of Family

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81. Pronouns for parents

• "Dad, can I borrow the car?"
• "Mom, I love you very much."

82. Pronouns for children

• "Child, you must study hard."
• "Dear, have you eaten yet?"

83. Pronouns for siblings

• "Sis, can you help me with my homework?"
• "Bro, don't forget to bring your lunch, okay?"

84. Pronouns for grandparents

• "Grandparent, tell me that story from long ago again."
• "Grandpa and Grandma will come tomorrow."

85. Pronouns in conversations with extended family

• "We are all one big family."
• "They are cousins from my father's side."

18. Pronouns in the Context of Friendship

86. Informal pronouns among friends

• “Bro, let's play basketball!
• “Sis, can I borrow your dress for the party?

87. Pronouns in a friend group

• “Guys, are we hanging out or not?
• “Squad, get ready for the event tomorrow!

88. Pronouns in online conversations among friends

• “When are you free? I want to chat.
• “What are you all busy with right now?

89. Pronouns in sharing personal stories

• “I'm really confused right now. Do you have any suggestions?
• “You know what I'm like.

90. Pronouns in friendship plans

• “Let's plan a vacation together!
• “They've already booked a place for all of us.

19. Pronouns in Romantic Contexts

91. Endearing pronouns

• "Honey, have you eaten yet?"
• "Love, I miss you so much."

92. Pronouns in love poetry

• "You are the sunshine in my life."
• "I can't live without you, my dear."

93. Pronouns in expressions of love

• "I love you with all my heart."
• "We will always be together, forever."

94. Pronouns in dating situations

• "What would you like to order, dear?"
• "What movie do we want to watch?"

95. Pronouns in wedding vows

• "I promise to always be faithful to you."
• "We will go through joys and sorrows together."

20. Pronouns in the Context of Conflict

96. Pronouns in arguments

• "You always blame me!"
• "They never listen to our opinions."

97. Pronouns in apologies

• "I apologize for my mistake."
• "We apologize for the inconvenience caused."

98. Pronouns in mediation

• "You both need to try to understand each other."
• "We need to find a solution that benefits all parties."

99. Pronouns in accusations

• "He started all of this!"
• "You have violated our agreement."

100. Pronouns in self-defense

• "I never said anything like that."
• "We were just following the existing procedures."

21. Pronouns in Cultural Context

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101. Pronouns in traditional ceremonies

• “We ask for the blessings of our ancestors.”
• “You have become part of our large family.”

102. Pronouns in traditional art performances

• “I come before Your Majesty, the King.”
• “We are all children of the motherland.”

103. Pronouns in prayers or mantras

• “Oh Lord, protect us all.”
• “You who are Most Compassionate and Merciful.”

104. Pronouns in proverbs

• “He is like a frog in a shell.”
• “We must not be like a shoot that arrives just as the dish is served.”

105. Pronouns in folklore

• “It is said that he possessed extraordinary powers.”
• “They lived happily ever after.”

22. Pronouns in Political Context

106. Pronouns in political speeches

• “We must unite for the progress of the nation.”
• “I promise to fight for the people's aspirations.”

107. Pronouns in debates

• “You have failed to fulfill your campaign promises.”
• “We have a better solution.”

108. Pronouns in campaign slogans

• “Together we can!
• “He for the people, the people for him.”

109. Pronouns in diplomatic statements

• “Our country respects your country's sovereignty.”
• “We need to enhance bilateral cooperation.”

110. Pronouns in political criticism

• “They have neglected the interests of the common people.”
• “You must be held accountable for this policy.”

23. Pronouns in Legal Context

111. Pronouns in court hearings

• “The defendant states that he is not guilty.”
• “Your Honor, allow me to present evidence.”

112. Pronouns in legal contracts

• “The First Party and the Second Party agree to…”
• “Those who sign below…”

113. Pronouns in testimonies

• “I swear to tell the truth.”
• “He was at the scene that night.”

114. Pronouns in court rulings

• “The court rules that the defendant is guilty.”
• “We impose a sentence according to the law.”

115. Pronouns in legal petitions

• “The petitioner appeals this ruling.”
• “We seek the fairest justice possible.”

24. Pronouns in the Business Context

116. Pronouns in negotiations

• “We offer very competitive prices.”
• “You will gain significant benefits from this collaboration.”

117. Pronouns in business presentations

• “Our company has grown rapidly in the last 5 years.”
• “We need to focus on improving efficiency.”

118. Pronouns in financial reports

• “We recorded a revenue growth of 15%.”
• “The company successfully reduced operational costs.”

119. Pronouns in customer communication

• “Your satisfaction is our top priority.”
• “Thank you for choosing our product.”

120. Pronouns in board meetings

• “We need to make strategic decisions.”
• “They are our main competitors in this market.”

25. Pronouns in Medical Contexts

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121. Pronouns in doctor consultations

• "You need to undergo further examination."
• "I will prescribe medication to address these symptoms."

122. Pronouns in anamnesis

• "When did you first notice these symptoms?"
• "Does your family have a history of similar illnesses?"

123. Pronouns in care instructions

• "You must take this medication three times a day."
• "We will conduct an evaluation next week."

124. Pronouns in informed consent

• "I have explained the risks and benefits of this procedure to the patient."
• "You have the right to refuse the proposed medical intervention."

125. Pronouns in medical reports

• "The patient complained of pain in the abdomen."
• "We recommend a follow-up in 2 weeks."

26. Pronouns in the Context of Sports

126. Pronouns in coach instructions

• “You all must play as one team!”
• “You need to improve your stamina.”

127. Pronouns in match comments

• “He made a very accurate kick.”
• “They played very defensively in the second half.”

128. Pronouns in athlete interviews

• “I thank the entire team and coaches.”
• “We will work harder in the next match.”

129. Pronouns in team motivation

• “We can beat them if we play with spirit!”
• “You are the best team I have ever coached.”

130. Pronouns in match analysis

• “He has an amazing technique.”
• “Their team has a solid defense.”

27. Pronouns in the Context of Technology

131. Pronouns in user guides

• “You can access the menu by pressing this button.”
• “Make sure you have backed up your data.”

132. Pronouns in error messages

• “We cannot process your request at this time.”
• “Please try again later.”

133. Pronouns in technology discussion forums

• “I am having trouble with the installation of this software.”
• “Can you share your experience?”

134. Pronouns in technology product presentations

• “We are proud to introduce our latest innovation.”
• “You will be amazed by its advanced features.”

135. Pronouns in online tutorials

• “We will learn how to use this application.”
• “If you have difficulties, please ask in the comments section.”

28. Pronouns in the Context of the Environment

136. Pronouns in environmental campaigns

• “We must act now to save the earth.”
• “You can start with small things around you.”

137. Pronouns in environmental reports

• “We found alarming levels of pollution.”
• “They have violated applicable environmental regulations.”

138. Pronouns in environmental education

• “We are all responsible for the preservation of nature.”
• “You can contribute by reducing plastic use.”

139. Pronouns in environmental petitions

• “We demand the government to take decisive action.”
• “Sign this petition to support our movement.”

140. Pronouns in environmental policy discussions

• “They must consider the long-term impacts.”
• “We need to find sustainable solutions.”

29. Pronouns in the Context of Art and Culture

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141. Pronouns in art criticism

• "He managed to capture the essence of humanity in his work."
• "They bring a breath of fresh air to the contemporary art world."

142. Pronouns in the description of artworks

• "This painting depicts the inner struggle of the artist."
• "You can feel the strong emotions in every stroke."

143. Pronouns in artist interviews

• "I am inspired by the beauty of nature and the complexity of humanity."
• "We want to convey a message through our works."

144. Pronouns in museum guides

• "Here you can see a collection of ancient artifacts."
• "We will continue the tour to the next gallery."

145. Pronouns in cultural discussions

• "They have a very unique and interesting tradition."
• "We must preserve our cultural heritage."

30. Pronouns in the Context of Psychology

146. Pronouns in therapy sessions

• “How do you feel right now?”
• “We will work together to address this issue.”

147. Pronouns in psychological reports

• “The patient shows signs of anxiety.”
• “We recommend further therapy.”

148. Pronouns in case discussions

• “He has a very unique mindset.”
• “They show positive development.”

149. Pronouns in psychological tests

• “Please answer the following questions according to your feelings.”
• “We will analyze your test results thoroughly.”

150. Pronouns in group counseling

• “We will support each other in the healing process.”
• “What do you all think about this issue?”

31. Pronouns in the Context of Tourism

151. Pronouns in tourism promotion

• "You will be enchanted by the natural beauty here."
• "We offer an unforgettable vacation experience."

152. Pronouns in travel guides

• "On your left, you can see the historic building."
• "We will visit this beautiful beach."

153. Pronouns in traveler reviews

• "I really enjoyed the trip to this place."
• "They provide very good service."

154. Pronouns in reservations

• "Can you confirm our room booking?"
• "We have booked a tour package for 5 people."

155. Pronouns in travel information

• "You are advised to bring the following equipment."
• "We provide English-speaking guides."

32. Pronouns in Culinary Context

156. Pronouns in cooking recipes

• "You need to prepare the following ingredients."
• "We will start by chopping the vegetables."

157. Pronouns in restaurant reviews

• "I highly recommend their special dish."
• "They serve food with stunning presentation."

158. Pronouns in cooking shows

• "Today we will learn to make pasta from scratch."
• "Feel free to ask if you encounter difficulties."

159. Pronouns in restaurant menus

• "Our dishes are made from selected fresh ingredients."
• "You can choose the level of spiciness to your liking."

160. Pronouns in culinary discussions

• "In my opinion, umami flavor is very important in this dish."
• "We need to appreciate the culinary diversity from various cultures."

33. Pronouns in the Context of Education

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161. Pronouns in teacher instructions

• “You must complete this assignment before next week.”
• “You can ask questions if anything is unclear.”

162. Pronouns in learning materials

• “We will study this concept further in the next chapter.”
• “You are expected to apply this theory in practice.”

163. Pronouns in class discussions

• “Who would like to share their opinion on this topic?”
• “We will divide the class into several discussion groups.”

164. Pronouns in student evaluations

• “He/She has shown significant progress in mathematics lessons.”
• “They need to improve their teamwork skills.”

165. Pronouns in teacher-parent communication

• “We would like to discuss your child's progress at school.”
• “Please support the learning process at home.”

34. Pronouns in Religious Contexts

166. Pronouns in prayers

• “O Lord, bless us all.”
• “You are our protector and guide.”

167. Pronouns in sermons

• “We must always be grateful for His blessings.”
• “You are reminded to always do good to others.”

168. Pronouns in sacred texts

• “He is the Most Compassionate and Most Merciful.”
• “You are My chosen people.”

169. Pronouns in religious discussions

• “In my understanding, this verse has a profound meaning.”
• “We need to respect differences in beliefs.”

170. Pronouns in religious rituals

• “We seek Your forgiveness and guidance.”
• “You who have created us from nothingness.”

35. Pronouns in the Context of Media

171. Pronouns in news

• "They have completed the investigation of the case."
• "The government stated that they will take firm action."

172. Pronouns in interviews

• "Can you explain more about your plans?"
• "I feel that this is a very valuable opportunity."

173. Pronouns in editorials

• "We argue that this policy needs to be reviewed."
• "We must be critical of the information circulating."

174. Pronouns in advertisements

• "You deserve the best."
• "We are here to meet your needs."

175. Pronouns in social media

• "Follow me for the latest updates!"
• "We can all contribute to positive change."

36. Pronouns in Scientific Context

176. Pronouns in scientific papers

• “The researchers found a correlation between variables X and Y.”
• “We used a quantitative method in this study.”

177. Pronouns in scientific presentations

• “As you can see in this graph...”
• “We will discuss the implications of these findings.”

178. Pronouns in scientific discussions

• “What is your opinion on this hypothesis?”
• “They have conducted similar research with different results.”

179. Pronouns in research abstracts

• “This study aims to analyze...”
• “We conclude that factor X has a significant influence.”

180. Pronouns in peer review

• “The authors need to clarify the methodology used.”
• “I recommend some minor revisions.”

37. Pronouns in Legal Contexts

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181. Pronouns in contracts

• “The First Party and the Second Party agree to…
• “You are required to comply with the following provisions.”

182. Pronouns in court hearings

• “The defendant states that he is not guilty.”
• “Your Honor, allow me to present new evidence.”

183. Pronouns in power of attorney

• “I grant power to…”
• “The attorney-in-fact has the right to act on behalf of the principal.”

184. Pronouns in legal statements

• “We hereby state that…”
• “Our client denies all such allegations.”

185. Pronouns in laws

• “Anyone who violates this provision will be subject to sanctions.”
• “The government is obliged to guarantee the rights of citizens.”

38. Pronouns in Business Context

186. Pronouns in business proposals

• "We offer innovative solutions to your problems."
• "Our company has a proven track record."

187. Pronouns in negotiations

• "We can reach an agreement that benefits both parties."
• "What do you think about our offer?"

188. Pronouns in financial reports

• "The company recorded a revenue growth of 15%."
• "We successfully reduced operational costs significantly."

189. Pronouns in board meetings

• "We need to make strategic decisions for the next quarter."
• "They are our main competitors in this market."

190. Pronouns in communication with customers

• "Your satisfaction is our top priority."
• "How can we assist you today?"

39. Pronouns in the Context of Sports

191. Pronouns in match comments

• “He made a very accurate kick.”
• “They played very defensively in the second half.”

192. Pronouns in athlete interviews

• “I thank the entire team and coach.”
• “We will work harder in the next match.”

193. Pronouns in coach instructions

• “You all must play as one team!”
• “You need to improve your stamina and speed.”

194. Pronouns in match analysis

• “He has amazing technique.”
• “Their team has a solid defense.”

195. Pronouns in team motivation

• “We can beat them if we play with spirit!”
• “You are the best team I have ever coached.”

40. Pronouns in the Context of Technology

196. Pronouns in user guides

• “You can access the menu by pressing this button.”
• “Make sure you have backed up your data.”

197. Pronouns in error messages

• “We are unable to process your request at this time.”
• “Please try again later.”

198. Pronouns in technology discussion forums

• “I am having trouble with the installation of this software.”
• “Can you share your experience?”

199. Pronouns in technology product presentations

• “We are proud to introduce our latest innovation.”
• “You will be amazed by its advanced features.”

200. Pronouns in online tutorials

• “We will learn how to use this application.”
• “If you encounter difficulties, please ask in the comments section.”

(kpl/dhm)