Understanding Endowments and Their Evidence, Understand also the Pillars and Types

Kapanlagi.com - For Muslims, endowments are certainly not unfamiliar. In Islam, endowments are a practice closely related to charity. However, there are still some Muslims who do not fully understand the meaning of endowments. In fact, endowments can be one of the acts that will be rewarded with many good deeds.

In general, the understanding of endowments is the donation of property intended for the benefit of the community. For example, endowing land for the construction of mosques, hospitals, cemeteries, and so on. Therefore, endowments are considered as one of the perpetual acts that will never be interrupted.

Like other acts of worship in Islam, endowments also have various pillars that must be fulfilled. In addition, there are other things that Muslims need to know about endowments. What are they?

Summarized from various sources, here is an explanation of the understanding of endowments, along with its pillars, requirements, and types.

1. Understanding Wakaf

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If viewed from its origin, the word wakaf comes from the Arabic word "waqafa" which means 'to hold back' or 'to stop or stand still in a place or remain standing.' As mentioned earlier, the understanding of wakaf is an effort to permanently donate property for the benefit of the community.

However, wakaf is not just an ordinary donation. The donated items must be intended for the benefit of the community, whether it is in the social, educational, religious, or other fields. Like other forms of charity or worship, wakaf must also be done sincerely without any pressure. Because only in this way can the pleasure of Allah SWT be obtained.

In Indonesia, wakaf is not only regulated by religion but also by law. Therefore, the rules regarding wakaf are stated in Law Number 41 of 2004. The law mentions at least 6 elements in wakaf, namely wakif (the party who donates their property), nazhir (the manager of the wakaf property), wakaf property, purpose, wakaf agreement, and wakaf duration.

2. Types of Endowments

According to liputan6.com, the scholar Ahmad Azhar Basyir mentioned that endowments are divided into two types, as follows.

1. Expert Endowment (family or specific)
Expert endowment is a type of endowment that is specifically intended for certain individuals (either one person or more). These specific individuals can come from the endower's family or not. Such endowments are considered valid, but only those mentioned in the endowment statement have the right to enjoy the endowed property.

2. Beneficial Endowment (general endowment)
Beneficial endowment is a type of endowment intended for public interest. This beneficial endowment is considered equivalent to a perpetual charity, so its rewards will continue to flow. Even after the endower has passed away, as long as the endowed property is still beneficial. Examples of this type of endowment include land endowments for the construction of mosques, schools, hospitals, and so on.

3. Legal Basis for Endowments

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Endowment is an act of worship that requires sincerity. In addition, endowment is also an act of worship directly recommended by Allah SWT. This is as contained in several verses of the Quran below.

1. "O you who have believed, spend from the good things which you have earned and from that which We have produced for you from the earth. And do not aim toward the defective therefrom, spending [from that] while you would not take it [yourself] except with closed eyes. And know that Allah is Free of need and Praiseworthy" (Quran, Al-Baqarah, verse 267).

2. "Never will you attain the good [reward] until you spend [in the way of Allah] from that which you love. And whatever you spend - indeed, Allah is Knowing of it" (Quran, Ali 'Imran, verse 92).

3. "... And cooperate in righteousness and piety, but do not cooperate in sin and aggression. And fear Allah; indeed, Allah is severe in penalty" (Quran, Al-Ma'idah, verse 2).

4. Rukun Wakaf

In addition to understanding the concept of wakaf, it is also important to understand its pillars. Yes, just like other worship in Islam, wakaf also has pillars that must be fulfilled. Without fulfilling these pillars, wakaf can be considered invalid. As reported by merdeka.com, according to Jumhur, Mazhab Syafi'I, Maliki, and Hambali, the pillars of wakaf are as follows.

1. The person who performs wakaf (waqif).

2. The object being wakafed (mauquf).

3. The recipient of the wakaf (nadzir).

4. Sighat or ijab qobul, the statement of wakaf transfer.

5. Requirements of Wakaf

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In addition to the pillars, there are also requirements of wakaf that must be fulfilled. The requirements of wakaf are as follows.

1. Wakaf must be performed by the person who is the direct owner of the object being wakafed. In addition, the wakaf giver (wakif) must also be of legal age and perform wakaf willingly.

2. The object being wakafed must be a permanent entity, meaning that it will not be damaged when utilized. In addition, the wakaf property should also be clearly stated to whom and for what purpose the object is being wakafed.

3. The recipient of the wakaf must be someone who is truly entitled, wakaf to a slave is not valid.

4. The declaration of wakaf or ijab qobul must be clearly stated, either orally or in writing.

5. Wakaf must be performed in cash because wakaf means transferring the wakaf immediately. Thus, the transfer of rights occurs at the time of the wakaf ijab qobul takes place.

6. The Wisdom of Making Waqf

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The definition of waqf is a noble act of worship and practice. Therefore, waqf can be valuable as an ongoing act of charity. In addition, it turns out that the act of waqf can also provide many benefits for Muslims. Here are some of the benefits of the act of waqf:

1. Bringing a Muslim closer to Allah SWT.

2. Increasing the faith and piety of a Muslim.

3. Becoming a source of ongoing rewards.

4. Helping to achieve the well-being of the community.

Those are some explanations regarding the definition of waqf, along with explanations about its evidence, types, pillars, conditions, and its benefits. Hopefully, it is useful and can broaden knowledge.

(kpl/psp)