Explain the Meaning of Wakaf in Bahasa and Terms According to Fiqh Experts, Also Know Its Pillars

Kapanlagi.com - Waqf is certainly a familiar term for most Muslims. This is because waqf is one of the shariah in Islam. The understanding of waqf is often associated with charity. However, there is a difference between waqf and charity. Therefore, it is necessary for every Muslim to understand and be able to explain the meaning of waqf in a language and terms.

In daily life, we may often hear stories of people who dedicate part of their wealth. For example, someone who dedicates land for the construction of a mosque, cemetery, and so on. However, from these everyday examples, sometimes a person may not understand and be able to explain the meaning of waqf in a language and terms that are easier to understand.

To understand the meaning of waqf in a language and terms, please refer to the following discussion that has been summarized by kapanlagi.com from various sources.

1. Explain the Meaning of Wakaf in Bahasa

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For Muslims, understanding the meaning of wakaf is a necessity. As mentioned earlier, wakaf is one of the religious obligations in Islam. Therefore, by understanding and being able to explain the meaning of wakaf in both language and terminology, a Muslim will find it easier to practice this religious obligation.

In general, the definition of wakaf is the donation of property for the benefit of the community. For example, as previously explained, some people donate their land for the benefit of the community, such as for the construction of mosques, cemeteries, and so on. Besides land, there are many other things that can be donated, such as worship equipment and useful books.

The term 'wakaf' originates from the Arabic word 'waqafa', which, when translated into Indonesian, roughly means 'to hold back' or 'to stop' or 'to stay in place'. In this sense, the meaning of wakaf in Indonesian is then adjusted to 'to hold back wealth to be donated for the benefit of the community'. This is in line with the practice of wakaf that we encounter in our daily lives.

2. Meaning of Endowment According to Islamic Jurisprudence

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Understanding what endowment is will certainly not be enough just by understanding the meaning in terms of language. Because, as Muslims, we also need to know and be able to explain the meaning of endowment according to language and terminology. Because it is included in one of the sharia, the term endowment is very closely related to fiqh. As quoted from the website of the Indonesian Endowment Board, bwi.go.id, here is an explanation of the meaning of endowment according to the terminology of fiqh.

1. Meaning of Endowment According to the View of Abu Hanifah

According to the view of Abu Hanifah, the term endowment means holding back an object according to the law. So, it can be used more for good. That is, according to this view, the status or ownership rights of the endowment property cannot be separated from its owner. Because what is donated is actually limited to its "use".

2. Meaning of Endowment According to the View of the Maliki School

Meanwhile, according to the view of the Maliki school, the term endowment means not releasing the endowment property from its owner. However, endowment can prevent the owner from attempting to release ownership of the property to others. In other words, those who endow are obliged to donate its benefits and are not allowed to withdraw their endowment.

3. Meaning of Endowment According to the View of the Shafi'i and Ahmad bin Hanbal Schools

According to the view of this school, endowment is releasing property ownership through the procedure of perfakafan. This procedure includes that the owner no longer has the right to do anything to the endowment property. So, the ownership status also does not fall to the heirs.

3. Difference Between Endowment and Charity

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As explained earlier, there is a difference between endowment and charity. This difference also needs to be understood by every Muslim, in order to explain the meaning of endowment in language and terminology more deeply. The fundamental difference between endowment and charity lies in the characteristics of the assets.

Assets that can be endowed tend to have a fixed form, so they have a long-term or even permanent utilization period. Therefore, examples of endowment include land, worship equipment, facilities or buildings for public purposes, and so on.

Meanwhile, assets that are donated tend to have an unstable form and a temporary utilization period. For example, we can see charity in our daily lives. For instance, when someone donates staple food or food for orphans. The donated assets can be depleted or, in other words, have a temporary utilization period.

4. Principles and Conditions of Endowment

To be able to endow, it is not enough to understand and explain the meaning of endowment according to language and terminology. Just like other worship and sharia in Islam, endowment also has a number of conditions and principles that must be fulfilled. Here are four principles of endowment.

1. The person who endows (waqif).

2. The object being endowed (mauquf).

3. The recipient of the endowment (nadzir).

4. The declaration of endowment transfer through proper wording or acceptance (sighat atau ijab qobul).

Then, the conditions of endowment include the following:

1. Endowment must be done by the person who is the direct owner of the object being endowed.

2. The object being endowed must be a perpetual entity, meaning that it will not be damaged when utilized.

3. The recipient of the endowment must be a rightful person, endowment to a slave is not valid.

4. The declaration of endowment or acceptance must be clearly stated, either orally or in writing.

5. Endowment must be done in cash because endowment means transferring the endowment at that time.

Those are some explanations about the meaning of endowment according to language and terminology. Hopefully, it is beneficial and can increase our knowledge and faith as Muslims. Amen.

(kpl/gen/psp)