Understanding Observational Text and Explanation of Characteristics - Structure, Complete with Examples

Kapanlagi.com - When we were still studying in school, we were introduced to several types of texts, one of which is the observation report text. We often encounter this type of text in various books. As the name suggests, observation texts are written based on facts found during observation activities. This means that observation texts should not be written haphazardly.

Observation texts should be written by someone who directly engages in the field and conducts observation. By doing so, the observation report text can contain complete information about the object being observed. There are various objects of observation that can be addressed in observation texts, such as natural conditions, the environment, animal behavior, plants, an event or incident, community behavior, art, and culture.

To understand more, here is a review of observational text, complete with characteristics and structure, summarized from bola.com and various sources.

1. Definition of Observational Text

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As mentioned earlier, observational texts are written based on facts from observations or research. The report of observational results provides general information about an observed object. The observed object can be nature, objects, plants, animals, and so on.

The report of observational results is also often referred to as classification texts. This is because, in observational texts, the classification of classes and subclasses of the observed object is often described.

2. Characteristics of Observational Text

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Observational texts can be easily identified. This is because observational texts have distinct characteristics that differ from other types of texts. Here are some characteristics of observational texts.

1. Contains complete and comprehensive information.

2. Objective, global, and universal in nature.

3. The object to be discussed is a singular object.

4. Written based on facts found during the observation activity.

5. Information in observational texts can be proven true.

6. Does not contain any deviation or speculation, or even does not match the observed object.

7. Often shows a hierarchical relationship between classes and subclasses found in the observed object.

8. The author only writes the facts encountered. This means that the author does not add any specific opinions.

9. Explains the classification system based on types by considering the general characteristics or conditions of the object.

10. Presented in an interesting manner, both in terms of word choice, language delivery, substantial content, and logical writing flow.

3. Rules of Language in Observational Text

The difference between observational text and other types of texts can also be seen from the aspect of language usage. Because, observational text has a distinctive style of language delivery. Here are some rules for using language in observational text.

1. Using noun phrases accompanied by classifiers and descriptors.

2. Using relational verbs that serve to explain. For example: is, are, includes, classifies, etc.

3. Using active verbs of nature to explain a behavior. For example: lay eggs, create, produce, etc.

4. Using conjunctions.

5. Using simple and complex sentences.

6. Using sentences that are definitional and descriptive in nature.

7. Using scientific or technical terms, according to the field or object of observation. For example: herbivore, degenerative, osteoporosis, mutualism, etc.

4. Observation Text Structure

In addition to the characteristics and linguistic rules, observation texts also have a distinctive structure that sets them apart from other types of texts. Observation texts consist of three structural parts. These three parts of the observation text structure are as follows.

1. The general statement section is the section that contains the opening. In addition, this section also contains general information related to the object of observation. In short, the general statement section will provide a general overview of the object.

2. The description section is a part of the observation text that contains the content, details, discussion, and detailed explanation related to the object.

3. The benefit description section is a section that contains the function or benefit of the observed object.

5. Purpose of Observation Text

Observation texts are written based on the results of observation activities. This means that the preparation of this text certainly has a specific purpose, here are some purposes of writing observation texts.

1. To report findings of a research.

2. To present the latest information about an object.

3. To solve a problem.

4. To discover a new technique or method in a specific field related to the object.

5. For consideration in making a decision, to be more effective.

6. To take supervisory or improvement actions for a problem related to the observed object.

7. To know the development of a problem related to the observed object.

6. Function of Observation Text

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In addition to specific purposes, observation texts also have functional value. Here are several functional values of observation texts.

1. Becoming research material.

2. Becoming a credible or accountable source of information.

3. Becoming a task report from an observation or monitoring activity.

4. Becoming a documentation evidence.

5. Becoming a source of scientific development.

6. Becoming the basis for policy-making or decision-making to solve a problem.

7. Steps to Prepare Observation Text

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Preparing observation texts cannot be done carelessly. However, preparing this text is not too difficult either. Here are several steps to guide the preparation of observation texts.

1. Determine the object of observation to be observed.

2. Create an observation schedule to ensure that it goes according to plan.

3. Start the observation. To facilitate this, prepare questions or observation points that will be the focus of the observation activity.

4. Record every fact or result from the observation activity. Make sure the accuracy of the content, structure, and language rules are adjusted to the characteristics of observation texts. If possible, complement it with observation documentation such as photos or videos.

5. Carefully review the observation results along with the written text. Make improvements if necessary, both in terms of content and language and writing.

8. Example of Observation Text

To understand better, here is an example of an observation text.

Global Warming

Global warming, in terms, is often referred to as global warming which is a process of increasing the Earth's temperature every year due to the increase in carbon emissions, one of which comes from industrial activities. The occurrence of global warming is due to the greenhouse gas effect, which includes carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and methane gas.

These gases cause the greenhouse effect in the Earth's atmosphere, trapping UV rays from the atmosphere. This will cause an increase in the average temperature on Earth. If this happens in the long term, it will result in a rise in sea surface levels due to the melting of the North and South polar ice.

In addition, global warming is also caused by the depletion of ozone (O3) into oxygen (O2) and O. So ozone cannot block UV rays, which will directly penetrate the Earth's surface. The main cause of this greenhouse effect is human behavior itself, one of which is deforestation and excessive use of electricity.

Text source: www.romadecade.org

That is among the reviews of observation text along with examples. Hopefully, it is useful and can make it easier for you to learn.

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